Bed

The bed is the machine's foundation. It is heavy, strong, and built for absolute rigidity. The two ways on the top are the tracks on which the carriage and tailstock travel. To maintain an exact relationship between toolpoint and workpiece from one end of the machine to the other, the ways must be absolutely true and accurately aligned to the line of centers and to one other.

Carriage

The carriage consists of the saddle and apron. It moves by hand or power along the bed, carrying the cross slide, compound rest, and toolpost. Its function is to support the cutting tool rigidly and move it along the bed for different operations. It locks into place by tightening the carriage lock with the set screw on the back side of the carriage.

Compound rest

Mounted on the cross slide, the compound rest swivels to any angle horizontal to the lathe axis to produce bevels and tapers. Cutting tools fasten to a toolpost on the compound rest. The calibrations on the front of the base are numbered in degrees from 60° right to 60° left.

Cross slide

The T-slotted cross slide moves crosswise at 90° to the lathe axis by manual turning of the cross-feed screw handwheel. It also serves as the milling table.

Drill press and fine-feed clutch

Pushing in the drill press clutch (engages the fine feed. To work the clutch, release the spring tension by rotating the drill press handles clockwise. Pull the clutch out to use it as a drill press or push it in to use the fine feed. Use the fine-feed handwheel to move the quill up and down.

Forward/Off/Reverse switch

This is the main switch used to operate the lathe. It is simply a forward/reverse switch for the motor. The motor turns counterclockwise for normal lathe operation and clockwise for normal milling and drilling. The CB-1220 XL LTD has two switches, one located on the millhead and one on the headstock.

Gearbox

The gearbox houses the belts that drive the spindle and change gears for the powerfeed. Select the thread pitch (for threading) or the feed rate (for turning) by changing the four change gears on the right side of the gearbox.

Headstock

The headstock , which is secured to the bed, houses the gears that drive the powerfeed and the taper bearings that secure the lathe spindle.

Lathe spindle

The end of the lathe spindle facing the tailstock ( is the spindle nose. The spindle nose, which has an MT4 taper, rotates the workpiece and drives lathe chucks and other workholding devices. All attachments (three-jaw chuck, four-jaw chuck, faceplate, etc.) bolt to the spindle flange either directly or via an adapter plate.

 Leadscrew

The leadscrew which runs the length of the bed, moves the carriage for lathe turning or thread cutting. It works both manually and under power. You can also use it manually with

the mill.

Locks

Locks on the cross slide, carriage, quill, and tailstock (two), keep them from moving. During machining, lock all axes except the one you want to move.

Micrometer control and calibration

Just inside the handles of the tailstock crossfeed, drill calibrated in millimeters. The compound feed and crossfeed are calibrated in two thousandths, the tailstock in thousandths, the leadscrew in two thousandths, and the drill press in forty thousandths.

These micrometer dial collars can move independently around the handle shafts. This independent motion is called float. The CB-1220 XL LTD has floating dials on the cross slide, tailstock, longitudinal and mill feeds. They let you zero the collars at any point and read the feed travel from that point on the dial for increased accuracy.

Mill spindle

The mill spindle attaches to the quill, which moves in and out of the head. The quill lock keeps the quill still when you install or remove tools from it and while milling horizontally. Usually, tools fit into collets that attach through the spindle via drawbars.

Half-nut lever

This lever transmits power to the carriage for threading.

Power Longitudinal-feed

Push the lever down to engage the power of the long feed for general cutting.

Power Cross-feed

Push the lever down to engaged the cross-feed and pull it up to disengage

Powerfeed speed selector

The two-speed selector for powering the leadscrew is on the front of the headstock. The leadscrew turns twice as fast in the H position as in the I position.

Tailstock

The tailstock, which provides right-end support for the work, moves along the bed and can stop at any point on it. It holds centers, drills, reamers, taps, and other tools. To move the tailstock spindle, which has an MT3 taper, turn the tailstock handwheel. The scale of offset calibrations on the back of the tailstock is in millimeters.

To offset the tailstock, loosen the four base-locking bolts. To offset to the left, loosen the left adjusting bolt and tighten the right. To offset to the right, loosen the right adjusting bolt and tighten the left.